In Islam, the act of Qurbani, also known as Udhiyah, is a significant ritual performed during Eid al-Adha to commemorate Prophet Ibrahim’s (Abraham’s) unwavering devotion to Allah. The practice involves the sacrifice of an animal, typically a sheep, goat, cow, or camel, during the first three days of Eid al-Adha (10th to 13th of Dhul-Hijjah). This act serves as a means of drawing closer to Allah and supporting the less fortunate.
The obligation to perform Qurbani varies among Islamic schools of thought. According to the Hanafi school, Qurbani is considered wajib (obligatory) for every Muslim who meets specific conditions. In contrast, the Maliki, Shafi’i, and Hanbali schools regard it as sunnah mu’akkadah (a confirmed and highly recommended practice), though some scholars within these schools may view it as obligatory under certain circumstances.
Conditions for Obligation
For a Muslim to be obligated to perform Qurbani, they must fulfill the following criteria:
Muslim: The individual must be a practicing Muslim.
Adult: They must have reached the age of maturity (puberty).
Sane: The person must be of sound mind.
Resident: According to the Hanafi school, the individual must be a resident and not a traveler.
Financially Able: They must possess wealth equivalent to or above the nisab threshold (the minimum amount of wealth requiring Zakat) on the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah, without being in debt.
If an individual meets these conditions, they are required to perform Qurbani. However, if they do not fulfill any of these criteria, they are exempt from this obligation.
Exemptions
Certain individuals are exempt from the obligation of Qurbani, including:
Non-Muslims
Children who have not reached puberty
Individuals who are insane
Those who do not possess wealth equal to or above the nisab threshold
Individuals in debt, where performing Qurbani would cause financial hardship
Travelers, according to the Hanafi school
In households, it is generally sufficient for the head of the family to perform Qurbani on behalf of all members. However, each adult member who meets the conditions may choose to perform their own Qurbani. It is not obligatory to perform Qurbani on behalf of adult children unless they meet the criteria themselves.
Performing Qurbani is a commendable act that holds great spiritual significance in Islam. While it is obligatory for those who meet the specified conditions, it remains a highly recommended practice for all Muslims, reflecting gratitude to Allah and a commitment to the welfare of the community. Muslims are encouraged to fulfill this act sincerely and properly, seeking to draw nearer to Allah and support those in need.
